1. Introduction
Plant cells grow and develop based on a combination of biological and environmental factors. The wrong conditions can lead to slow growth, poor differentiation, or contamination.
📌 Further Reading:
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Nutrient Medium in Tissue Culture
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Role of Light and Temperature in Micropropagation
2. Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs)
| Hormone | Function | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Auxins | Promote root growth | IAA, IBA, NAA |
| Cytokinins | Stimulate shoot formation | BAP, Kinetin |
| Gibberellins | Aid stem elongation | GA3, GA4 |
| Abscisic Acid | Stress responses | ABA |
📌 Further Reading: Plant Hormones and Their Role in Tissue Culture
3. Essential Nutrients & Culture Medium
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Macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S) – Required in large amounts.
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Micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Mo) – Required in trace amounts.
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Carbon Source (Sucrose) – Provides energy for growth.
📌 Further Reading: Composition of MS Medium
4. Environmental Conditions Affecting Growth
| Factor | Effect |
|---|---|
| Light | Needed for photosynthesis & differentiation. |
| Temperature | Controls metabolic rate. |
| pH Balance | Affects nutrient absorption. |
| Oxygen Supply | Prevents hypoxia in culture vessels. |
📌 Further Reading: Optimizing In Vitro Growth
5. Contamination and Sterility
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Autoclaving ensures media sterility.
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Aseptic Techniques prevent bacterial/fungal contamination.
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Frequent Monitoring helps detect early contamination.
📌 Further Reading: Contamination Prevention in Tissue Culture